Tuesday, October 26, 2010

Input And Output Devices Of The Computer

Multimedia Devices

Multimedia devices can handle audio, voice and music and video, or motion pictures.

Sound Card
The sound card is the device responsible for transforming the sound of the voice, which in its natural form are analog in binary number representations for computer processable, these transformations are known as analog to digital conversion, example: to capture the voice microphone through the sound card makes digital sounds for the computer to the store.A sound card can connect a microphone or headset, a set of speakers or headphones, joystick, sound equipment to amplify the signal.


                                                 

Videoconferencing


Videoconferencing systems are designed for real-time transmission of live video. These systems capture the image in one location and broadcast live and let live over local networks, intranets or the Internet at various sites in different geographic locations.

Output Devices

Printer
Also known as a hard copy device. There are basically four types of printer:Matrix: it has a head that travels back and forth over a bar. The print head has several needles hitting the role of an ink ribbon to form charactersInkjet: create the image directly on the paper to eject a jet of ink through a nozzle.Are the most widely used and print high quality images in color.Laser: has an internal processor that interprets the data received from the CPU and controls the laser, which selects the points in a special drum creates an electrical charge supplied by the "toner" and transfers the data to paper.Thermal: is mostly used for printing documents from laptops. Its operation is based on heat generation on special paper.The plotters or plotters also considered output devices: They are great printers that serve primarily to professionals in civil engineering and architectural drawings for printing.

Fixture by Deployment.



Screen or Monitor

Its main function is to make visible the results of a job, but not all credit is theirs.
To view any image on the screen is essential to use the graphics card or video card, which is responsible for transforming the digital signal generated by the computer processor into an analog signal which is what "gets" the monitor.
The computer stores the graphics in the RAM in the form of a series of bits. RAM sends graphical data to the video card, which stores them in a special memory called video memory and then converted into an analog signal that is understood by the monitor.


The monitor then takes care of converting the bit that handles the computer so that it can understand. Thus, the user can see on the screen what you are typing at the same time correcting mistakes, choose different fonts and change the layout of the document, among many other options.

Storage Devices

Are those which are permanently stored programs and data needed by the central processing unit, CPU for its operations and processes as opposed to main memory where programs and data are stored temporarily and are lost as soon as you turn the computer off , storage units can be recorded programs and data over time, until they are deleted or removed by action necessary for that purpose. Currently three technologies are basically used to store information:

Magnetic Technology:
The surface of the storage media is coated with magnetic material (similar to the magnets), sensitive to the magnetic field.The units have magnetic read heads - writing, they contain electromagnets that generate a magnetic field to be traversed by a magnetic current in the recording process, the heads are a current, magnetizing particles of the medium and record and information. The main storage media are floppy disks, hard disks and magnetic tapes.
Optics:
Optical storage technique locates the information by laser, consisting of a light beam focused and coherent approach that allows very small areas accurately.
When the disc spins at high speed some areas reflect the laser light into a sensor, while others disperse.Within the major optical media are compact disk or CD, and DVD (Dynamic Versatility Disc).
Magneto-optical (MO):
This technology combines the advantages of magnetic media with the optical. A MO disc is an optical disc capacity and ease of rewriting magnetic media. MO disks are currently available in various sizes and capacities, its appearance is very similar to floppy disks (diskettes), but have vastly superior capabilities and require a special device, called ZIP, for reading and writing.

Input Devices Commonly Used

Keyboard:
The computer keyboard is very similar to that of a conventional typewriter, except that it has some additional keys to perform certain special functions.The keyboard is designed for entering text, such as alphabetic and numeric data, and commands, either in writing, using keyboard characters, or by specialized function keys.When you press each key generates a special code that is interpreted by the processing unit and allows the formation of coding sequences with specific meanings and functions to the work you want done.

The keyboard can be divided into the following key groups:

 

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Keyboard functions:They are located along the top of the keyboard. Can be used individually or in conjunction with other keys.

Keypad:It is located on the right side of the keyboard, similar to a calculator to facilitate the rapid entry of numerical data. At its core are the digits 0 to 9, and sides of these special characters as signs (,-,*) and others, like Num Lock and Enter.

Cursor Control:Group keys with arrows indicating the direction in which advances the cursor on the screen up, down, left or right.


 Mouse

Takes its name from its resemblance to this animal. It is a device consisting of a small container with a ball on the inside that looks on the bottom and manipulated moving along a surface which is usually a rectangular piece of rubbery material covered in soft fabric, called mouse pad, pad, or pad.
Mouse Management
when done, the object is shaded, indicating it has been selected for an operation or process.
spider-mouse
Point and click:Place your mouse over different parts of the screen and click once with the left button, or place on objects, and icons of the screen, and clicking are the operations to identify and select, or point and click; Double Click:Is to perform the same operation before, but now is double-clicked for the object. The double click is to press, release quickly, press again and quickly release the button, in a sequence of two.
Point & Drag:This function is very important for functions such as moving window, expand or downsize, or move text, graphics and other objects used in different program. You can submit as agile and quick operations like copying files from one folder to another or from one unit to another, and print a document, drag them from the folder where the icon representing the printer.

A LittleTour Of Input And Output Devices

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Input And Output Devices Classification

Input:

*   Keyboard
*   Mouse
*   Joystick
*   Stylus
*   Microphone
*   Webcam
*   Scanner
*   Barcode scanner


Output:

*   Monitor
*   Speaker
*   Headphones
*   Printer
*   Plotter
*   Projector







Input / output:

*   Storage Units
*   CD
*   DVD
*   Modem
*   Fax
*   Memory cards
*   USB
*   Router
*   Touchscreen

Portable Devices

Floppy:
Also called floppy disk (floppy disk in English). A simple view is a square piece of plastic, inside which is the disk. It is a flexible circular disk and magnetic somewhat fragile. Floppy disks are inserted into the computer through the 80 disquetera.En enjoyed great popularity. The software and PC games are distributed in this format. Since at that time the programs and games were less than 1 MB, fit perfectly on the floppy disks.

CD-ROM:
Is a compact disc (in English: Compact Disc - Read Only Memory). It is a compact disc (not flexible as floppy disks) used to store optical information is not volatile, ie, the information entered in a CD in principle can not be erased. Once a CD is written, can not be modified, only read (hence the name, Read Only Memory). A CD-ROM is a flat plastic disc with digital information encoded in a spiral from the center to the edge. Were launched in the mid 80's by reputable companies like Sony and Philips. Microsoft and Apple were two of the major computer companies that used in the beginning. One of the most commonly used storage devices. In fact it was the replacement of the cassettes to store music, and floppy disks to store other data.DVD:
The growth in computer technology is such that even the CD have been small. If 10 years ago floppy disks were too small and it seemed that a CD was too "big", something has changed, as all applications, whether programs, operating systems and video games occupy more memory. 700 MB of traditional capacity of a CD is passed to the 4.7 GB DVD. The first burst of DVD sales appeared to video format to replace VHS classics. The advantages of DVD were clear, more capacity, better quality can be stored. Better data are stored as magnetic tape cassettes were easily wearable. A DVD is much them last, its image quality is better and the sound quality. DVD movies began to become popular in the late 90's.USB memory:
The USB was invented in 1998 by IBM, but it was not patented by him. His goal was to replace floppy disks with greater capacity and transmission speed currently datos.Aunque a CD or DVD can store memory and then delete it and manipulate it as comfortable and USB flash drives are used. They are small devices the size of a cigarette that act almost like a floppy, but with a much higher capacity, which currently range from 64 MB to several gigabytes. Its main advantage is its small size, its strength (the memory itself is protected by a plastic housing and a lighter) and its transmission rate, much faster than floppy disks.

Evolution Of Storage Devices

Microchip:
Also known as an integrated circuit. It first developed in 1958 by engineer Jack Kilby just months after being hired by the company Texas Instruments. It was a device that integrates six germanium transistors on a single semiconductor base to form a phase shift oscillator. In 2000, Kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention's contribution to the development of information technology.A microchip is a very thin pad where there are thousands or millions of interconnected electronic devices, mostly diodes and transistors and passive components such as resistance or capacitors. 



RAM (Random Access Memory):


RAM storage is the most important component of a current computer, with the hard drive. With the advent of desktop computers, had to devise a system that does not occupy storage space, for desktop computers were designed for that would fit in a desk. RAM is formed from microchips with separate memory. Memory is stored in those entries at random, hence its name.





Hard Disk:   
It is the ultimate storage medium. Since in 1955 the first hard drive out to this day, the hard disk or HDD has had great development. The hard drives used in desktop computers, portable storage units and more complex management. The hard drive is the component that is responsible for storing all the data we want.

Features Input And Output Devices

One of the basic functions of the computer is communicating with external devices, ie, the computer must be able to send and receive data from this device. Without this feature, your computer would not be operational because their calculations would not be visible from the outside.
There are a variety of devices that can communicate with a computer, from the classic devices (terminals, printers, disks, tapes, etc.) To A / D and D / A for measurement and process control.
Of all the possible peripherals, some are reading, other languages and other reading and writing (it is important to emphasize that this fact is always viewed from the standpoint of the process.)
Moreover, storage peripherals are also called auxiliary memory or mass.
Most peripherals are composed of a mechanical part and other electronics. These parties usually clearly separated to provide greater modularity. The electronic component is often referred peripheral device driver or, alternatively, the device adapter. If the device has no mechanical parts (for example, the screen of a terminal), the driver will be formed by the digital part of the circuit. Often the device drivers are housed in a printed circuit board separately from the rest of the peripheral.
In this case it is quite common that a single controller can serve similar devices.
The main problem is its peripherals variety also affects the speed of transmission. Therefore, the biggest drawback we found in the peripheral is the difference between their rates of transmission and the difference between them and the operating speed dla computer.

Saturday, October 23, 2010

Input And Output device. Definition:

In computing, input/output, or I/O, refers to the communication between an information processing system (such as a computer), and the outside world possibly a human, or another information processing system. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it. The term can also be used as part of an action; to "perform I/O" is to perform an input or output operation. I/O devices are used by a person (or other system) to communicate with a computer. For instance, a keyboard or a mouse may be an input device for a computer, while monitors and printers are considered output devices for a computer. Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network cards, typically serve for both input and output.
Note that the designation of a device as either input or output depends on the perspective. Mouse and keyboards take as input physical movement that the human user outputs and convert it into signals that a computer can understand. The output from these devices is input for the computer. Similarly, printers and monitors take as input signals that a computer outputs. They then convert these signals into representations that human users can see or read. For a human user the process of reading or seeing these representations is receiving input. These interactions between computers and humans is studied in a field called human–computer interaction.